Learned helplessness and self-efficacy in tobacco treatment

Treatment of people who use tobacco is different. Most treatments given to patients are reasonably successful, but cigarette smokers who are trying to quit will make multiple attempts before they remain abstinent, sometimes as many as twenty. Within hours of stopping, nicotine users can begin to experience withdrawal symptoms which include craving, anxiety, irritability, and

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Learned helplessness and self-efficacy in tobacco treatment originally appeared in KevinMD.com.

 

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